Defender. Manual — part 24
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Item
Part Number
Description
A
-
Heavy spot.
B
-
Add balance weights here.
C
-
Centre line of spindle.
Static balance is the equal distribution of weight around the wheel. A statically unbalanced wheel will cause a bouncing
action called wheel tramp. This condition will eventually cause uneven tire wear.
Dynamic Balance
Wheel shimmy
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Item
Part Number
Description
A
-
Heavy spot.
B
-
Add balance weights here.
C
-
Centre line of spindle.
Dynamic balance is the equal distribution of weight on each side of the centre line so that when the wheel spins there is
no tendency for side to side movement. A dynamically unbalanced wheel will cause wheel shimmy.
Off Vehicle Balancing
Balance wheel assembly referring to equipment manufacturer's instructions.
It is essential that the wheel is located by the centre hole NOT the stud holes. To ensure positive wheel location the
diameter of the locating collar on the machine shaft must be 112,80 to 112,85 mm (4.441 to 4.443 in). This diameter
will ensure that the collar fits correctly within the centre hole of the wheel.
Where possible, always use the vehicle wheel retaining nuts to locate the wheel on the balancer, to avoid damaging the
wheel. If this is not possible, the locating nuts must be of a similar pattern to the original wheel nuts. The use of conical
type wheel nuts for this purpose may damage the surface on alloy wheels.
Cleaning
Wash the aluminium wheels using a suitable wash and wax concentrate, correctly diluted and rinse with cold clear
water. DO NOT use abrasives or aluminium wheel cleaners containing acid, as they will destroy the lacquer finish.
Tire changing
Use only tire changing equipment to mount or demount tires, following the equipment manufacturer's instructions. DO
NOT use hand tools or tire levers, as they may damage tire beads or the wheel rim.
Puncture repair
Remove punctured tire from wheel and repair using a combination service plug and vulcanising patch. Always follow
manufacturer's instructions when using a puncture repair kit.
Only punctures in tread area are reparable, DO NOT attempt to repair punctures in tire shoulders or sidewalls.
Do not attempt to repair a tire that has sustained the following: bulges or blisters, ply separation, broken or cracked
beads, wear indicators visible and punctures larger than 6 mm diameter.
CAUTION: Do not use tire sealants that are injected through valve stem to repair punctured tires, they may
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produce wheel corrosion and tire imbalance.
Aluminium wheel rim bead seats should be cleaned using a non-abrasive cleaner to remove the mounting lubricants and
old rubber. Before mounting or demounting a tire, bead area should be well lubricated with a suitable tire lubricant.
FAULT- SYMPTOMS
Check tyre pressures.
For additional information, refer to:
Specifications
(204-04 Wheels and Tires, Specifications).
Check condition of tyres.
Check front wheel alignment.
For additional information, refer to:
Front Toe Adjustment
(204-00 Suspension System - General Information,
General Procedures).
Check wheel balance.
• NOTE: In the event that any apparent vibration is not eliminated at this stage.
• NOTE: In the event that any apparent vibration is not eliminated at this stage, go to steering Fault Diagnosis, Fault -
Symptom (Steering vibration, road wheel shimmy/wobble).
For additional information, refer to:
Steering System
(211-00 Steering System - General Information, Diagnosis and
Testing).
• NOTE: Radial ply tyres have a flexible sidewall, which produces a sidewall bulge making the tyre appear under-
inflated. This is a normal condition for radial ply tyres. Do not attempt to reduce this bulge by over-inflating the tyre.
Item
Part Number
Description
1.
-
Correct inflation.
2.
-
Under-inflation.
3.
-
Over-inflation.
4.
-
Tread contact with road.
Tire wear chart
CAUTION: This chart is for general guidance only and does not necessarily include every cause of abnormal tire
wear.
Fault
Cause
Remedy
Rapid wear at
shoulders
Tires under inflated
Inflate to correct pressure
Worn suspension components; i.e. ball joints, Panhard
rod bushes, steering damper
Replace worn components
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Rapid wear at
centre of tread
Tires over inflated
Inflate to correct pressure
Wear at one
shoulder
Track out of adjustment
Adjust track to correct figure
Bent Panhard rod
Check and replace worn or damaged
components
Bald spots or tire
cupping
Wheel out of balance
Balance wheel and tire assembly
Excessive radial run out
Check run out and replace tire if necessary
Shock absorber worn
Replace shock absorber
Excessive braking
Tire scalloped
Track out of adjustment
Adjust track to correct figure
Worn suspension components
Check and replace worn or damaged
components, and replace tire
Excessive cornering speeds
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