Defender 300Tdi (1996+). Manual — part 75
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WHEELS AND TYRES
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
TYRE WEAR CHART
FAULT
CAUSE
REMEDY
Rapid wear at
Tyres under-inflated
Inflate to correct pressure
shoulders
Worn suspension components
Replace worn components
i.e. ball joints, panhard
rod bushes, steering damper
Excessive cornering speeds
Rapid wear at
centre
Tyres over-inflated
Inflate to correct pressure
of tread
Wear at one
shoulder
Track out of adjustment
Adjust track to correct figure
Bent panhard rod
Check and replace worn or damaged
components
Bald spots or tyre
Wheel out of balance
Balance wheel and tyre
cupping
assembly
Excessive radial runout
Check runout and replace tyre
if necessary
Shock absorber worn
Replace shock absorber
Excessive braking
Tyre scalloped
Track out of adjustment
Adjust toe to correct figure
Worn suspension components
Replace tyre as necessary
Excessive cornering speeds
CAUTION: This diagnosis chart is for general guidance only and does not necessarily include
every cause of abnormal tyre wear.
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WHEELS AND TYRES
2
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
FAULT - SYMPTOMS
Vibration through steering wheel
1. Check tyre pressures
See Repair, Tyre
Pressures .
2. Check condition of tyres
See Tyre Wear Chart .
3. Check front wheel alignment
See STEERING,
Adjustment, Front Wheel Alignment .
4. Check wheel balance
See Repair, Wheel
Balancing .
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage
See PROPELLER SHAFTS, Fault
diagnosis, Vibration Harshness .
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage, go
to steering Fault Diagnosis, Fault -
Symptom (Steering vibration, road wheel
shimmy/wobble)
See STEERING, Fault diagnosis,
Steering Faults .
NOTE: Radial ply tyres have a flexible
sidewall, which produces a sidewall bulge
making the tyre appear under-inflated.
This is a normal condition for radial ply tyres. Do
not attempt to reduce this bulge by over-inflating
the tyre.
Key to illustration
1. Correct inflation.
2. Under-inflation.
3. Over-inflation.
4. Tread contact with road.
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WHEELS AND TYRES
1
REPAIR
GENERAL INFORMATION
WARNING: This is a multi-purpose vehicle
with wheels and tyres designed for both
on and off road usage. Only use wheels
and tyres specified for use on the vehicle.
The vehicle is equipped with tubeless ’S’,’T’ or ’H’
rated radial ply tyres as standard equipment. The
tyres are of European metric size and must not be
confused with the "P" size metric tyres available in
North America.
Vehicle wheel sets, including spare wheel, must be
fitted with the same make and type of tyre to the
correct specification and tread pattern. Under no
circumstances must cross-ply or bias-belted tyres be
used.
For tyre specification and pressures
See
INTRODUCTION, Information, Wheels and Tyres .
Steel wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter steel wheels.
Alloy Wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter cast aluminium alloy wheels. The
surface has a paint finish covered with a clear
polyurethane lacquer. Care must be taken when
handling the wheel to avoid scratching or chipping the
finish.
The alloy wheel rim is of the asymmetric hump
type incorporating a safety hump to improve
location of the tyre bead in its seat. If difficulty is
experienced in fitting tyres to this type of rim
See
Tyre Fitting .
WARNING: DO NOT fit an inner tube to an
alloy wheel.
TYRE INSPECTION
Inspect tyres at weekly intervals to obtain maximum
tyre life and performance and to ensure compliance
with legal requirements. Check for signs of incorrect
inflation and uneven wear, which may indicate a need
for balancing or front wheel alignment,
See Fault
diagnosis, Tyre Wear Chart , if the tyres have
abnormal or uneven wear patterns.
Check tyres at least weekly for cuts, abrasions, bulges
and for objects embedded in the tread. More frequent
inspections are recommended when the vehicle is
regularly used in off road conditions.
To assist tyre inspection, tread wear indicators are
moulded into the bottom of the tread grooves, as
shown in the illustration above.
When the tread has worn to a depth of 1.6 mm the
indicators appear at the surface as bars which
connect the tread pattern across the width of the tread
as shown in the illustration above.
74
WHEELS AND TYRES
2
REPAIR
When the indicators appear in two or more adjacent
grooves, at three locations around the tyre, a new tyre
must be fitted.
NOTE: DO NOT attempt to interchange
tyres, e.g. from front to rear, as tyre wear
produces characteristic patterns
depending on their position. If tyre position is
changed after wear has occured, the performance
of the tyre will be adversely affected.
NOTE: Territorial vehicle regulations
governing tyre wear MUST be adhered to.
WHEELS INSPECTION
Regularly check the condition of the wheels. Replace
any wheel that is bent, cracked, dented or has
excessive runout.
VALVES INSPECTION
Check condition of inflation valve. Replace any valve
that is worn, cracked, loose, or leaking air.
TYRE PRESSURES
Maximum tyre life and performance will be
obtained only if tyres are maintained at the correct
pressures .
Tyre pressures must be checked at least once a week
and preferably daily, if the vehicle is used off road.
The tyre inflation pressure is calculated to give the
vehicle satisfactory ride and steering characteristics
without compromising tyre tread life. For
recommended tyre pressures in all conditions
See
INTRODUCTION, Information, Wheels and Tyres .
Always check tyre inflation pressures using an
accurate gauge and inflate tyres to the
recommended pressures only .
Check and adjust tyre pressures ONLY when the
tyres are cold, vehicle parked for three hours or more,
or driven for less than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds
below 64 km/h (40 mph). Do not reduce inflation
pressures if the tyres are hot or the vehicle has been
driven for more than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds over
64 km/h (40 mph), as pressures can increase by 0.41
bars (6 lb/in
2
) over cold inflation pressures.
Check ALL tyre pressures including the spare. Refit
the valve caps as they form a positive seal and keep
dust out of the valve.
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