Defender. Manual — part 44
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Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control - Anti-Lock Control - Traction Control
Diagnosis and Testing
Inspection and Verification
1. 1. Verify the customer concern.
2. 2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical or electrical damage.
3. 3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before
proceeding to the next step.
4. 4. If the cause is not visually evident, check for Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) and refer to the DTC Index.
DTC index
• NOTE: If the control module/HCU is suspect and the vehicle remains under manufacturer warranty, refer to the
Warranty Policy and Procedures manual (section B1.2), or determine if any prior approval programme is in operation,
prior to the installation of a new module/HCU.
• NOTE: Generic scan tools may not read the codes listed, or may read only five digit codes. Match the five digits from
the scan tool to the first five digits of the seven digit code listed to identify the fault (the last two digits give additional
information read by the manufacturer approved diagnostic system).
• NOTE: When performing electrical voltage or resistance tests, always use a digital multimeter (DMM) accurate to three
decimal places, and with an up-to-date calibration certificate. When testing resistance, always take the resistance of the
DMM leads into account.
• NOTE: Check and rectify basic faults before beginning diagnostic routines involving pinpoint tests.
• NOTE: Inspect connectors for signs of water ingress, and pins for damage and/or corrosion.
• NOTE: If DTCs are recorded and, after performing the pinpoint tests, a fault is not present, an intermittent concern
may be the cause. Always check for loose connections and corroded terminals.
DTC Description
Possible cause
Action
12 Pump failure
1 - high
level at
C0504-8
without
pump
actuation
ABS pump
monitor circuit,
short circuit to
power
ABS pump
relay contacts
stuck closed
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0504-8 ABS pump monitor circuit for
short circuit to power. Check ABS pump relay for stuck closed contacts.
13 Pump failure
2 - low level
at C0504-8
during
pump
actuation
ABS pump
monitor circuit,
short circuit to
ground
ABS pump
relay fuse
failure
ABS pump
relay battery
supply circuit,
Open circuit
Check for ABS pump relay fuse failure. Refer to the electrical guides and check
C0504-8 ABS pump monitor circuit, for short circuit to ground. Check C0508-3
ABS pump relay battery supply circuit, for open circuit.
14 Pump failure
3 - pump
sticks
• NOTE: The ABS
pump is part of the
ABS modulator
assembly
Internal failure
ABS pump
Refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual if ABS pump/ABS
modulator is suspect.
15 Pump failure
4 - sticking
pump relay
ABS pump
relay coil
circuit, short
circuit to
power
ABS pump
relay contacts
stuck closed
ABS pump
relay fault
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-15 ABS pump relay coil circuit,
for short circuit to power. Check ABS pump relay for stuck closed contacts.
16 Failure of
• NOTE: The shuttle
Refer to the electrical guides and check resistance between C0506-3 reference
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the shuttle
valve switch
valve switch's are
integral to the ABS
modulator
Shuttle valve
switch circuit,
high resistance
Shuttle valve
switch circuit,
open circuit
Internal failure
shuttle valve
switch's
ground sense and C0506-6 shuttle valve switch, brake pedal not pressed
expected measurement 3K ohms, both shuttle valves switches are open. Check
resistance between C0506-3 reference ground sense and C0506-6 shuttle valve
switch, brake pedal pressed expected measurement 1K ohm, both shuttle
valves switches are closed. Check between C0506-3 and C0501-8 reference
ground sense circuit for open circuit, high resistance. Check between C0506-6
and C0501-9 shuttle valve switch circuit for open circuit, high resistance. Refer
to the warranty policy and procedures manual if ABS modulator is suspect.
17 Valve relay
failure 1 -
permanently
powered on
(can´t be
switched
off)
Internal failure Refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual if ABS pump/ABS
modulator is suspect.
20 Valve relay
failure 2 -
no output
(can´t be
switched
on)
Internal failure Refer to the warranty policy and procedures manual if ABS pump/ABS
modulator is suspect.
21 Failure of
the throttle
position
signal
Torque,
throttle, eng
I.D circuit,
open circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check between C0504-10 and C0872-B1 for
open circuit.
22 Reference
earth
C0506-3 not
connected
to ground
Reference
ground sense
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-3 reference ground sense
circuit, for open circuit.
23 Gear info
not plausible
Open circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check between C0504-10 and C0872-B1 for
open circuit.
24 Sensor right
hand front -
sensor
offset
voltage out
of range
The wheel
speed sensor
air gap may be
too large
Wheel speed
sensor circuit
high resistance
The resistance
of the wheel
speed sensor
changed from
the nominal
value of
950±80 ohms
The output of
the wheel
speed sensor
may be
intermittent
Check front right hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap. Refer to the
electrical guides and check front right hand wheel speed sensor circuit for high
resistance. Check front right hand wheel speed sensor resistance for correct
nominal value of 950±80 ohms. Suspect front right hand wheel speed sensor.
25 Sensor left
hand rear -
sensor
offset
voltage out
of range
The wheel
speed sensor
air gap may be
too large
Wheel speed
sensor circuit
high resistance
The resistance
of the wheel
speed sensor
changed from
the nominal
value of
950±80 ohms
The output of
the wheel
Check rear left hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap. Refer to the
electrical guides and check rear left hand wheel speed sensor circuit for high
resistance. Check rear left hand wheel speed sensor resistance for correct
nominal value of 950±80 ohms. Suspect rear left hand wheel speed sensor.
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speed sensor
may be
intermittent
26 Sensor left
hand front -
sensor
offset
voltage out
of range
The wheel
speed sensor
air gap may be
too large
Wheel speed
sensor circuit
high resistance
The resistance
of the wheel
speed sensor
changed from
the nominal
value of
950±80 ohms
The output of
the wheel
speed sensor
may be
intermittent
Check front left hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap. Refer to the
electrical guides and check front left hand wheel speed sensor circuit for high
resistance. Check front left hand wheel speed sensor resistance for correct
nominal value of 950±80 ohms. Suspect front left hand wheel speed sensor.
27 Sensor right
hand rear -
sensor
offset
voltage out
of range
The wheel
speed sensor
air gap may be
too large
Wheel speed
sensor circuit
high resistance
The resistance
of the wheel
speed sensor
changed from
the nominal
value of
950±80 ohms
The output of
the wheel
speed sensor
may be
intermittent
Check rear right hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap. Refer to the
electrical guides and check rear right hand wheel speed sensor circuit for high
resistance. Check rear right hand wheel speed sensor resistance for correct
nominal value of 950±80 ohms. Suspect rear right hand wheel speed sensor.
30 Inlet valve
right hand
front -
power amp
with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Right hand
front inlet
valve circuit,
open circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-5 front right inlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
31 Outlet valve
right hand
front -
power amp
with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Right hand
front outlet
valve circuit,
open circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-4 front right outlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
32 Inlet valve
left hand
front -
power amp
with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Left hand front
inlet valve
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-2 front left inlet modulator valve
circuit for open circuit.
33 Outlet valve
left hand
front -
power amp
with
electrical
connection
Left hand front
outlet valve
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-1 front left outlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
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interrupted
34 Inlet valve
right hand
rear - power
amp with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Right hand
rear inlet valve
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-11 rear right inlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
35 Outlet valve
right hand
rear - power
amp with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Right hand
rear outlet
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-10 rear right outlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
36 Inlet valve
left hand
rear - power
amp with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Left hand rear
inlet valve
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-8 rear left inlet modulator valve
circuit for open circuit.
37 Outlet valve
left hand
rear - power
amp with
electrical
connection
interrupted
Left hand rear
outlet circuit,
open circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-7 rear left outlet modulator
valve circuit for open circuit.
40 Pump relay
- power
amp with
electrical
connection
interrupted
ABS pump
relay coil
circuit, open
circuit
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-15 ABS pump relay coil circuit
for open circuit.
44 Sensor right
hand front -
sensor air
gap too
large
Front right
hand wheel
speed sensor
large air gap
Check front right hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap.
45 Sensor left
hand rear -
sensor air
gap too
large
Rear left hand
wheel speed
sensor large
air gap
Check rear left hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap.
46 Sensor left
hand front -
sensor air
gap too
large
Front left hand
wheel speed
sensor large
air gap
Check front left hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap.
47 Sensor right
hand rear -
sensor air
gap too
large
Rear right
hand wheel
speed sensor
large air gap
Check rear right hand wheel speed sensor for correct air gap.
50 Inlet valve
right hand
front -
power amp
with short
circuit to
ground
Right hand
front inlet
valve short
circuit to
ground
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-5 front right inlet modulator
valve circuit for short circuit to ground.
51 Outlet valve
right hand
front -
power amp
with short
circuit to
ground
Right hand
front outlet
valve short
circuit to
ground
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-4 front right outlet modulator
valve circuit for short circuit to ground.
52 Inlet valve
left hand
front -
power amp
Left hand front
inlet valve
short circuit to
ground
Refer to the electrical guides and check C0506-2 front left inlet modulator valve
circuit for short circuit to ground.
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