Volvo S60 Cross Country (2018 year). Manual — part 16
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* Option/accessory.
277
Reverse gear inhibitor
The reverse gear inhibitor hinders the possibility
of mistakenly attempting to engage reverse gear
during normal forward travel.
•
Follow the gearing pattern printed on the
gear lever and start from neutral position, N
before moving it to R position.
•
Engage reverse gear only when the car is
stationary.
Related information
•
•
Transmission fluid - grade and volume
(p. 411)
Gear shift indicator*
The gear shift indicator notifies the driver when it
is appropriate to engage the next higher or lower
gear.
An essential detail in connection with environ-
mental driving is to drive in the right gear and to
change gear in good time.
An indicator is available as an aid on certain vari-
ants - GSI (Gear Shift Indicator) - which notifies
the driver when it is appropriate to engage the
next higher or lower gear in order to obtain the
lowest possible fuel consumption.
However, taking into consideration characteristics
such as performance and vibration-free running,
it may be advantageous to change gear at a
higher engine speed. The framed number indi-
cates the current gear.
Manual gearbox
Gear shift indicator for manual
gearbox. Only one marker is
illuminated at a time - during
normal driving it is only illumi-
nated in the centre.
At the recommended upshift
the cursor illuminates "+", and at the recom-
mended downshift the cursor illuminates "-"
(marked red in the illustration).
Automatic gearbox
Combined instrument panel "Digital" with gear
shift indicator.
The framed number indicates the current gear.
With "Analogue" combined
instrument panel, the gear
positions and indicator arrows
are displayed in its centre.
Related information
•
•
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278
Automatic gearbox - Geartronic*
The Geartronic gearbox has two different gear
modes - Automatic and Manual.
D: Automatic gear positions. +/–: Manual gear positions.
S: Sport mode
*.
Combined instrument panel (p. 62) shows the
position of the gear selector using the following
indications:
P
,
R
,
N
,
D
,
S
*,
1
,
2
,
3
etc.
Gear positions
Automatic gear positions are
indicated on the right of the
combined instrument panel.
(Only one marker is illuminated
at a time - the one showing the
current gear selector position.)
Symbol "S" for Sport mode is ORANGE when the
mode is active.
Parking position - P
Select P position when starting the engine or
when the car is parked.
In order to be able to move the gear selector
from the P position, the brake pedal must be
depressed and key position must be II, see Key
positions - functions at different levels (p. 77).
The gearbox is mechanically blocked when the P
position is engaged. Also apply the parking brake
(p. 297) when the car is parked.
The gear selector must be in P position to
allow the car to be locked and alarmed.
The car must be stationary when position P is
selected.
WARNING
Always apply the parking brake when parking
on a slope - the automatic transmission's P
position is not sufficient to hold the car in all
situation.
Reverse position - R
The car must be stationary when R position is
selected.
Neutral position - N
No gear is engaged and the engine can be
started. Apply the parking brake if the car is sta-
tionary with the gear selector in N position.
In order to be able to move the gear selector
from N to another gear position, the brake pedal
must be depressed and key position must be II,
see Key positions - functions at different levels
(p. 77).
Drive position - D
D is the normal driving position. Shifting up and
down takes place automatically based on the
level of acceleration and speed. The car must be
stationary when the gear selector is moved to D
position from R position.
Geartronic – Manual gear positions
(+S-)
The driver can also change gear manually using
the Geartronic automatic gearbox. The car
engine-brakes when the accelerator pedal is
released.
The manual gear position is reached by
moving the lever to the side from posi-
tion D to the end position at "+S-". The
combined instrument panel's symbol
"+S-" changes colour from WHITE to ORANGE
and the digits
1
,
2
,
3
etc. are shown in a box, cor-
responding to the gear selected at the time.
•
Move the lever forwards towards "+" (plus) to
change up a gear and release the lever,
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* Option/accessory.
279
which returns to its rest position between +
and –.
or
•
Pull the lever back towards "–" (minus) to
change down a gear and release it.
The manual gearshift mode "+S–" can be
selected at any time while driving.
Geartronic automatically shifts down if the driver
allows the speed to decrease lower than a level
suitable for the selected gear, in order to avoid
jerking and stalling.
To return to automatic driving mode:
•
Move the lever to the side to the end position
at D.
If the gearbox has a Sport programme then
the gearbox will only become manual after the
gear selector has been moved forwards or
backwards in its "+S–" position. The com-
bined instrument panel then changes indica-
tion from
S
to show which of the gears
1
,
2
,
3
etc. is engaged.
Paddles
*
As a supplement to manual gear changing with
the gear selector there are also controls located
on the steering wheel, so-called "paddles".
To be able to change gear with the steering
wheel paddles they must first be activated. This is
by means of pulling one of the paddles toward
the steering wheel - the combined instrument
panel then changes indication from "D" to a fig-
ure, which indicates the current gear.
To then change gear one step:
•
Pull one of the paddles backwards - towards
the steering wheel - and release.
Both steering wheel "paddles".
"-": Selects the next lower gear.
"+": Selects the next higher gear.
A gear change occurs at each pull of the paddle
provided that the engine speed does not leave
the permitted range.
After each gear change the combined instrument
panel changes figure to show the current gear.
Automatic deactivation
If the steering wheel paddles are not used
then they are deactivated after a short time -
this is indicated when the combined instru-
ment panel switches indication, from the fig-
ure for the current gear back to "D".
The exception is during engine braking - then
the paddles are activated as long as engine
braking is in progress.
Manual deactivation
The steering wheel paddle shifters can also
be deactivated manually:
•
Pull both paddles toward the steering
wheel and hold until the combined instru-
ment panel changes character from the
figure for the current gear to "D".
The paddles can also be used with the gear
selector in Sport mode
* - then the paddles are
constantly activated without being deactivated.
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Geartronic - Sport mode
* (S)
7
The Sport programme provides sportier
characteristics and allows higher
engine speed for the gears. At the
same time it responds more quickly to
acceleration. During active driving, the use of a
lower gear is prioritised, leading to a delayed
upshift.
To activate Sport mode:
•
Move the gear selector to the side from D
position to the end position at "+S–" - the
combined instrument panel changes indica-
tion from
D
to
S
.
Sport mode can be selected at any time while
driving.
Geartronic - Winter mode
It can be easier to pull away on slippery roads if
3rd gear is engaged manually.
1. Depress the brake pedal and move the gear
selector from D position to the end position
at "+S–" - the combined instrument panel
changes indication from
D
to the figure
1
8
.
2. Scroll up to gear 3 by pushing the lever for-
ward towards "+" (plus) twice - the display
shifts the indication from
1
to
3
.
3. Release the brake and accelerate carefully.
The gearbox "winter mode" means that the car
moves off with a lower engine speed and
reduced engine power on the drive wheels.
Kick-down
When the accelerator pedal is pressed all the
way to the floor (beyond the position normally
regarded as full acceleration) a lower gear is
immediately engaged. This is known as kick-
down.
If the accelerator is released from the kick-down
position, the gearbox automatically changes up.
Kick-down is used when maximum acceleration
is needed, such as for overtaking.
Safety function
To prevent over-revving the engine, the transmis-
sion's control program has a protective downshift
inhibitor, which prevents the kick-down function.
Geartronic does not permit downshifting/kick-
down which would result in an engine speed high
enough to damage the engine. Nothing happens
if the driver still tries to shift down in this way at
high engine speed – the original gear remains
engaged.
When kick-down is activated the car can change
one or more gears at a time depending on
engine speed. The car changes up when the
engine reaches its maximum speed in order to
prevent damage to the engine.
Towing
If the car has to be towed - see important infor-
mation in the section Towing (p. 318).
Related information
•
Transmission fluid - grade and volume
(p. 411)
•
7
With certain engines only.
8
If the car has Sport mode
* then "S" is shown first.
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281
Gear selector inhibitor
There are two different types of gear selector
inhibitor - mechanical and automatic.
Mechanical gear selector inhibitor
G021351
M: Manual shifting
9
- "+/-" or "Sport mode".
The gear selector can be moved forward and
back freely between N and D. Other positions are
locked with a latch that is released with the inhib-
itor button on the gear selector.
With the inhibitor button depressed the lever can
be moved forwards or backwards between P, R,
N and D.
Automatic gear selector inhibitor
The automatic gearbox has special safety sys-
tems:
Parking position (P)
Stationary car with engine running:
•
Keep your foot on the brake pedal when
moving the gear selector to another position.
Electric gear inhibitor – Shiftlock Parking
position (P)
In order to be able to move the gear selector
from P to other gear positions, the brake pedal
must be depressed and the key position (p. 77)
must be II.
Shiftlock – Neutral (N)
If the gear selector is in N position and the car
has been stationary for at least 3 seconds (irre-
spective of whether the engine is running) then
the gear selector is locked.
In order to be able to move the gear selector
from the N position to another gear position, the
brake pedal must be depressed and the key posi-
tion (p. 77) must be II.
Deactivate automatic gear selector
inhibitor
If the car cannot be driven, e.g. due to a flat
starter battery, the gear selector must be moved
from the P position so that the car can be moved.
Lift the rubber mat in the compartment
behind the centre console and locate a
hole
10
for the key blade (p. 161) in the bot-
tom of the compartment.
Search for a spring-loaded button down in
the hole with the key blade; depress the but-
ton with the blade and hold.
Move the gear selector from the P position
and pull up the key blade.
4. Set the rubber mat back in place.
9
The illustration is schematic.
10
There may be 2 holes - one for the key blade and one that fixes the rubber mat.
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Related information
•
Automatic gearbox - Geartronic
Hill start assist (HSA)*
11
The foot brake can be released before setting
off or reversing uphill - the HSA (Hill Start
Assist) function means that the car does not roll
backwards.
The function means that the pedal pressure in
the brake system remains for several seconds
while the driver's foot is moved from brake pedal
to accelerator pedal.
The temporary braking effect releases after sev-
eral seconds or when the driver accelerates.
Related information
•
All-wheel drive - (AWD)*
Optimal traction is achieved with all-wheel drive.
All Wheel Drive is always available
All Wheel Drive (All Wheel Drive) means that the
car is driving all four wheels at the same time.
The power is automatically distributed between
the front and rear wheels. An electronically con-
trolled clutch system distributes the power to the
wheels that have the best grip on the current
road surface. This provides the best traction and
prevents wheel spin. Under normal driving condi-
tions, the majority of power is transmitted to the
front wheels.
All Wheel Drive improves driving safety in rain,
snow and icy conditions.
11
Depends on engine and gearbox combination. HSA not possible with some combinations.
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Related information
•
Hill Descent Control (HDC)*
12
HDC can be compared to an automatic engine
brake. When you release the accelerator on
downhill gradients the car is normally braked by
means of the engine striving for low engine
idling speeds, so-called engine braking. But the
steeper the roadway and the more load in the
car, the faster the car coasts despite engine
braking - the HDC function compensates for this
with automatic brake intervention.
General information on HDC
HDC makes it possible to increase/reduce speed
on steep downhill gradients, with a foot only on
the accelerator pedal, without using the foot
brake. The sensitivity of the accelerator pedal
decreases and becomes more precise by means
of the full actuation of the pedal being restricted
to adjusting engine speed within a limited range.
The brake system brakes itself and provides the
car with a low and even speed, so allowing the
driver to fully focus on steering.
HDC is particularly helpful on steep gradients
with an uneven road surface and slippery sec-
tions. E.g. when launching a boat on a trailer from
a ramp.
WARNING
HDC does not work in all situations but is
designed merely as a supplementary aid.
The driver always bears ultimate responsibility
for ensuring that the vehicle is driven safely.
Function
HDC On/Off.
HDC is activated or deactivated with one of the
centre console's switches. The lamp within it illu-
minates when the function is activated.
When HDC is operating, the combined
instrument panel's symbol illuminates
combined with the text message
Hill descent
control ON
.
12
Only possible on the S60 Cross Country with AWD.
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With manual transmission, the function works
only on first gear and reverse gear.
With automatic transmission, gear 1 must be
selected in manual gearshift mode (+S-), or R
must be selected. This is indicated by the number
1
or
R
in the combined instrument panel, see
Automatic gearbox - Geartronic
HDC cannot be activated on an automatic
gearbox when the gear selector is in position
D.
Operation
HDC allows the car to roll at a maximum of
10 km/h (6 mph) forwards with engine braking
and 7 km/h (4 mph) backwards. However, any
speed within the gear's speed register can be
selected using the accelerator pedal. When the
accelerator pedal is released, the car is braked
quickly to 10 or 7 km/h (6 or 4 mph) respec-
tively, irrespective of the hill's gradient and with-
out the need for the foot brake.
The brake lights come on automatically when the
function is operating. The driver can brake or stop
the car at any time by using the foot brake.
HDC is deactivated:
•
with the centre console's On/Off button
•
if a gear other than 1 or R is selected on a
manual gearbox
•
if a gear other than 1 or R is selected in
manual gearshift mode on an automatic
gearbox.
The function can be disengaged at any time. If it
takes place on a steep downhill gradient then the
braking effect will not release directly, but slowly
instead.
With HDC activated you may experience a
delay between acceleration pedal activation
and engine response.
Related information
•
•
Automatic gearbox - Geartronic
•
Start/Stop*
Some engine and gearbox combinations come
fitted with a Start/Stop function which engages
in the event of e.g. stationary traffic or waiting at
traffic lights - the engine is then switched off
temporarily and restarts automatically when the
journey is due to continue.
Environmental care is one of Volvo Car Corpora-
tion's core values and it influences all of our
operations. This target orientation has resulted in
several separate energy-saving functions of
which Start/Stop is one, all with the collective
task of reducing fuel consumption, which in turn
helps to reduce exhaust emissions.
General information on Start/Stop
The engine is switched off - it becomes quieter and
cleaner.
The Start/Stop function gives the driver the
opportunity for a more active environmentally
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conscious way of driving the car by means of
being able to allow the engine to stop automati-
cally, whenever appropriate.
The car's MY CAR menu system, under the
DRIVe
heading, contains information about Vol-
vo's Start/Stop system, as well as recommenda-
tions for energy-saving driving techniques.
Manual gearbox or automatic gearbox
Note that there are differences in the Start/Stop
function depending on whether the gearbox is
manual or automatic.
Related information
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - function and operation
The Start/Stop function is activated automati-
cally when the engine is started with the key.
The Start/Stop function is acti-
vated automatically when the
engine is started with the key.
The driver is made aware of
this by the function's symbol
illuminating in the combined
instrument panel and the
On/Off button lamp illuminat-
ing.
All of the car's normal systems
such as lighting, radio, etc. work as normal even
with an engine that has stopped automatically,
except that some equipment may have the func-
tion temporarily reduced, e.g. the climate control
system's fan speed or extremely high volume on
the audio system.
Auto-stopping the engine
The following is required for the engine to auto-
stop:
Conditions
M/A
A
Declutch, set the gear lever in neutral
position and release the clutch pedal -
the engine stops automatically.
M
Stop the car with the foot brake and
then keep your foot on the pedal - the
engine stops automatically.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
If the ECO function is activated
then the engine may auto-stop
before the car is completely
stationary.
For certain engine variants the engine may auto-
stop before the car is stationary regardless of
whether the ECO function is activated.
When the engine is auto-stopped, the
combined instrument panel's symbol
for the Start/Stop function illuminates.
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Auto-starting the engine
Conditions
M/A
A
With the gear lever in neutral position:
1. Depress the clutch pedal or press
the accelerator pedal - the engine
starts.
2. Engage a suitable gear and drive.
M
Release the foot pressure on the foot
brake - the engine starts automatically
and the journey can continue.
A
Maintain foot pressure on the foot
brake and depress the accelerator
pedal - the engine auto-starts.
A
The following option is also available on
a downhill gradient:
Release the foot brake and let the car
move off - the engine starts automati-
cally when the speed exceeds normal
walking pace.
M +
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
Deactivating the Start/Stop function
In certain situations, it may
advisable to temporarily switch
off the automatic Start/Stop
function - this is carried out
with a push of this button.
Disengaged function is indicated by
the combined instrument panel's
Start/Stop symbol and the On/Off but-
ton's lamp extinguishing.
The Start/Stop function is disengaged until it is
reactivated with the button or until the next time
the engine is started with the key.
Related information
•
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine does not
stop
Although the Start/Stop function is activated, the
engine does not always stop automatically.
The engine does not auto-stop if:
Conditions
M/A
A
the car has not first achieved
approx. 10 km/h (6 mph) after a key
start or the last auto-stop.
M +
A
the driver has opened the seatbelt's
buckle.
M +
A
the capacity of the starter battery is
below the minimum permissible level.
M +
A
the engine does not have normal
operating temperature.
M +
A
ambient temperature is around freez-
ing point or above approx. 30 °C.
M +
A
the windscreen's electric heating is
activated.
M +
A
the environment in the passenger
compartment differs from the preset
values - indicated by the ventilation
fan running at a high speed.
M +
A
the car is reversed.
M +
A
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Conditions
M/A
A
the starter battery temperature is
below the freezing point or is too high.
M +
A
the driver makes greater steering
wheel movements.
M +
A
the exhaust system's particulate filter
is full - the temporarily disengaged
Start/Stop function is reactivated as
soon as an automatic cleaning cycle
has been performed (see Diesel parti-
cle filter (DPF) (p. 308)).
M +
A
the road is very steep.
M +
A
a trailer is connected electrically to
the car’s electrical system.
M +
A
the bonnet has been opened
B
.
M +
A
the gearbox does not have normal
operating temperature.
A
the atmospheric air pressure is less
than equivalent to 1500-2500 metres
above sea level - the current air pres-
sure varies with the prevailing weather
conditions.
A
Conditions
M/A
A
adaptive cruise control Queue Assist
is activated.
A
the gear selector is in R, S position
C
or "+/-".
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
B
With certain engines only.
C
Sport mode.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine auto-starts
An auto-stopped engine may restart in certain
cases without the driver having decided that the
journey should continue.
In the following cases the engine also starts
automatically if the driver has not depressed the
clutch pedal (manual gearbox) or takes his/her
foot off the brake pedal (automatic gearbox):
Conditions
M/A
A
Misting forms on the windows.
M + A
The environment in the passenger
compartment deviates from the preset
values.
M + A
There is a temporarily high current
take-off or starter battery capacity
drops below the lowest permissible
level.
M + A
Repeated pumping of the brake
pedal.
M + A
The bonnet is opened
B
.
M + A
The car starts to roll, or there is a
small increase in speed if the car
auto-stopped without being com-
pletely stationary.
M + A
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Conditions
M/A
A
The driver's seatbelt buckle is opened
with the gear selector in D or N posi-
tion.
A
Steering wheel movements
B
.
A
The gear selector is moved out of the
D position to S position
C
, R or "+/-".
A
The driver's door is opened with the
gear selector in D position - a "ping"
sound and text message inform that
the Start/Stop function is active.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
B
With certain engines only.
C
Sport mode.
WARNING
Do not open the bonnet when the engine has
stopped automatically - the engine may sud-
denly start automatically. First switch off the
engine as normal using the START/STOP
ENGINE button before opening the bonnet.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine does not
auto-start
The engine does not always auto-start after hav-
ing auto-stopped.
In the following cases the engine does not auto-
start after having auto-stopped:
Conditions
M/A
A
A gear is engaged without declutching
- a display text prompts the driver to
set the gear lever in neutral position in
order to enable auto-start.
M
The driver is unrestrained.
M
The driver is unrestrained, the gear
selector is in P position and the driver’s
door is open - a normal engine start
must take place.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
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•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - involuntary stop
manual gearbox
If a start-up fails and the engine stops, proceed
in accordance with the below:
1. Check that the driver side's seatbelt is locked
in the seatbelt buckle.
2. Depress the clutch pedal again - the engine
starts automatically.
3. In certain cases the gear lever must be set in
neutral position. The combined instrument
panel then shows the text
Put gear in
neutral
.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
•
•
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Start/Stop* - symbols and
messages
The Start/Stop function can show text messages
in the combined instrument panel.
Text message
In combination with this indicator lamp
the Start/Stop function may show text
messages in the combined instrument
panel for certain situations. For some of them
there is a recommended action that should be
performed. The following table shows some
examples.
Symbol
Message
Info/Action
M/A
A
Auto Start/Stop Service
required
Start/Stop is not operational. Contact a workshop - an authorised Volvo workshop is recommended.
M + A
Autostart Engine running
+
acoustic signal
Activated if the driver's door is opened with auto-stopped engine and the gear selector in D posi-
tion.
A
Press start button
The engine will not start automatically - start the engine as normal with the START/STOP ENGINE
button.
M + A
Depress clutch pedal to start
The engine is ready to auto-start - waiting for the clutch pedal to be depressed.
M
Depress brake and clutch
pedals to start
The engine is ready to auto-start - waiting for the brake or clutch pedal to be depressed.
M
Put gear in neutral to start
Gear is engaged without declutching - disengage and set the gear lever in neutral position.
M
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Symbol
Message
Info/Action
M/A
A
Select P or N to start
Start/Stop has been deactivated - move the gear selector to N or P position and start the engine as
normal with the START/STOP ENGINE button.
A
Press start button
The engine will not start automatically - start the engine as normal with the START/STOP ENGINE
button and the gear selector in P or N.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
If a message does not go out following comple-
tion of the action then a workshop should be
contacted - an authorised Volvo workshop is rec-
ommended.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 285)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 287)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
![](/vehicle/qumaueg/elid/yougone/fof.png)
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
292
Drive mode ECO*
ECO is an innovative Volvo function for auto-
matic-gearbox cars, capable of reducing fuel
consumption by up to 5 %, depending on the
driver's driving style. The function gives the driver
the option of a more active environmentally con-
scious way of driving.
General
The following are changed
upon activation of the ECO
function:
•
Gearbox gearshift points.
•
Engine management and response from the
accelerator pedal.
•
Start/Stop function - the engine can also
auto-stop before the car has stopped down
to being completely stationary.
•
The Eco Coast function is activated - engine
braking ceases.
•
Climate control system settings - some elec-
tricity consumers are deactivated or operate
at reduced power.
When the ECO function is activated, several
parameters in the climate control system's
settings are changed, and several electricity
consumer functions are reduced. Certain set-
tings can be reset manually, but full function-
ality is only restored by deactivating the ECO
function.
ECO - Operation
ECO On/Off
ECO symbol
The ECO function is deactivated when the engine
is switched off, and must therefore be activated
after each time the engine is started. There are
exceptions for certain engines. However, it is
easily verified by means of both the combined
instrument panel
ECO
symbol and the ECO
button lamp illuminating when the function is
activated.
ECO function On or Off
Disengaged ECO function is
indicated by the combined
instrument panel
ECO
symbol
and the ECO button lamp extin-
guishing. The function is then
switched off until it is reactiva-
ted with the ECO button.
Eco Coast - Function
The Eco Coast subfunction means in practice
that engine braking is deactivated, meaning in
turn that the car's kinetic energy is used to coast
for longer distances. When the driver releases
the accelerator pedal the gearbox is automatically
disengaged from the engine whose speed is
reduced to idling speed with minimum consump-
tion.
This function is intended for use in the event of
an anticipated reduction in speed, e.g. to coast
into a zone with a lower speed limit.
Eco Coast enables proactive driving where the
driver can use the so-called "Pulse & Glide"
technique and a minimum of braking.
A combination of Eco Coast and temporarily
deactivated ECO function can also collectively
contribute to reduced consumption. Accordingly:
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